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By Reviewed By Andreas Zabczyk

About Peridot Gemstones

Burmese Peridot Gemstone
Burmese Peridot Gemstone

Introduction

Peridot (pronounced pair-uh-doe) is the gem variety of olivine. Isn't it interesting how this vibrant green stone stands out in the world of gems? Let's dive into what makes it special. To explore further, check our comprehensive peridot gemstone properties and value guide.

Composition and Chemistry

Olivine, which is not itself an official mineral, is composed of two minerals: fayalite and forsterite. Fayalite is the iron-rich member with a pure formula of Fe2SiO4. Forsterite is the magnesium-rich member with a pure formula of Mg2SiO4. Olivine's formula is written as (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 to show the presence of magnesium and iron. Although iron is the coloring agent for peridot, it is usually closer to forsterite than fayalite in composition. The best-colored peridot has an iron percentage of less than 15% and includes nickel and chromium as trace elements that may also contribute to the color.

Formation and Origin

Most gemstones of mineral origin are formed in the earth's crust. But there are two exceptions; both peridot and diamond are formed much deeper in the earth, in the region referred to as the mantle. Peridot crystals form in magma from the upper mantle (20 to 55 miles deep) and are brought to the surface by tectonic or volcanic activity where they are found in extrusive igneous rock. Diamonds were formed much deeper in the mantle (around 100 - 150 miles below the surface), at extreme temperatures and pressures. Pretty wild to think about these gems coming from such depths, right?

Color and Characteristics

Peridot is one of the few gemstones that comes in only one color. The depth of green depends on how much iron is contained in the crystal structure and varies from yellow-green to olive or brownish-green. Peridot is sometimes referred to as "the poor man's emerald." Olivine is a very abundant mineral, but gem-quality peridot is actually rather rare. For insights into the peridot meaning, healing powers, and practical uses, visit our dedicated page. Disclaimer: Claims about healing or spiritual properties of gemstones are based on traditional beliefs and folklore, not scientific evidence.

Fine Peridot from China
Fine Peridot from China

Sources and Mining

Important peridot sources are Burma, Pakistan, China, Vietnam and the United States. The finest quality peridot has traditionally come from Mogok in Burma, though the Pakistani peridot is now highly regarded as well. For many years, the USA was the largest producer of peridot. Deposits in Arizona are the major source of American peridot. Peridot Mesa, located on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation east of Globe in Gila County, is the most productive area for peridot in the world. A second Arizona location, from which peridot is recovered, is Buell Park in Apache County, Arizona, about 16 kilometers north of Fort Defiance. However, it is estimated that 80% to 95% of the world's commercial quality peridot comes from the San Carlos Reservation. Peridot is the birthstone for the month of August.

Notable Specimens and History

The largest cut peridot weighs 310 carats and is housed at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.; a 192.75-carat stone that belonged to the czars is in the Diamond Treasury, Moscow; and a 146-carat peridot is kept in the Geological Museum in London, England. Dive deeper into the rich history and origins of peridot gems for more details.

Fine Peridot from Burma
Fine Peridot from Burma

Value and Treatments

Peridot is a relatively inexpensive gemstone in small sizes, but the value goes up with stones weighing over 5 carats; 10-15 carat stones are very rare and expensive. There is no known treatment to improve the color or clarity of peridot, so peridot is always an untreated gem. That's reassuring for buyers looking for natural stones.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is peridot?

Peridot is the gem variety of olivine, known for its green color and composition of magnesium and iron silicates.

How is peridot formed?

Peridot forms deep in the earth's mantle in magma and is brought to the surface through volcanic or tectonic activity.

What colors does peridot come in?

Peridot occurs in shades of green, from yellow-green to olive or brownish-green, depending on iron content.

Where is peridot mined?

Major sources include Burma, Pakistan, China, Vietnam, and the United States, particularly Arizona.

Is peridot treated?

No, there are no known treatments to enhance peridot's color or clarity; it is always untreated.

What is the birthstone for August?

Peridot is the birthstone for the month of August.

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